DPU
Delivered at Place Unloaded
Seller delivers AND unloads at destination. The only Incoterm requiring seller to unload - formerly DAT.
Visual Guide - Cost & Risk Transfer
Obligations & Cost Breakdown
Seller Obligations
- Deliver AND unload goods at destination
- Bear all risks including unloading
- Clear for export
- Arrange all transport
Cost Responsibility:
Buyer Obligations
- Import clearance
- Take delivery after unloading
Cost Responsibility:
Risk Transfer Point
When goods unloaded at destination
Insurance Requirement
Seller's responsibility (essential - risk until unloaded)
Real African Trade Examples
Cement: Nigeria → Ghana
DPU LagosBagged cement from Dangote factories
Large cement companies have their own logistics fleets and unloading equipment at destination terminals.
DAP Tema if buyer handles unloading at their warehouse
Grain: USA → East Africa
DPU HoustonWheat shipments for WFP
Humanitarian aid shipments often use DPU where the shipper unloads at designated relief terminals.
DAP Mombasa if receiving organization handles unloading
Common African Trade Usage
Less common in African exports but used for bulk imports (grain, cement, fertilizer) where the supplier has unloading arrangements at African port terminals. Also used by large industrial suppliers delivering to specific terminal facilities.
Common Mistakes with DPU
Not Having Unloading Capability
The Mistake: Agreeing to DPU without confirming unloading facilities at the destination terminal.
The Problem: Seller is responsible for unloading but may not have cranes, forklifts, or labor at destination.
The Solution: Confirm unloading capability before agreeing to DPU. If in doubt, use DAP where buyer unloads.
Underestimating Unloading Costs
The Mistake: Not budgeting for terminal handling and unloading fees at destination.
The Problem: Unloading costs at African ports can be significant - demurrage, crane hire, and labor costs add up quickly.
The Solution: Get quotations for unloading at destination terminal before pricing DPU. Include a buffer for potential delays.
When to Use DPU
Best For
- When seller has unloading capability at destination
- Bulk cargo
- Terminal deliveries
- When buyer cannot unload
Avoid When
- When seller cannot arrange unloading at destination
- Complex or specialized unloading required